Chapter 5: Memory Learning & Improving Concentration

PLACE: DEWAN AL-FARABI

BY: SIR MUHAMMAD SUFYAN BIN MOHAMAD ZAKI

DATE: 1 AUGUST 2018

In this chapter, i had learnt about strategies for improving my concentration in class and also memory strategies. I also learned to understand the memory processing and concentration. Apart from that, i had learned about reading and study system or well known as (SQ3R). This chapter can help me to more concentrate in my classes and enhance my performance in every subject.

Learning Pyramid:

This is Learning Pyramid.I think it will help all of you to know better about strategies to improve your memory and concentration in your class.

Memory VS Brain

• Memory: The retention of information over time or the mind stores and remember information ( mental processes/cognition) like computer software.

• Brain: An organ like computer hardware.

-> When we learn, and remember, we will encode, store, and retrieve the information. The analogy is like a computer.

Memory Structure

• Definition: Capacity to remember

 Two functional system:

• Working memory
• Long-term memory

Functions of Memory:

1. Storage of information (putting information in memory)
2. Retrieval of information (getting information out of memory)
3. System specific functions.

Two Component Memory Model:

Remembering & Forgetting

The steps:

1. Encoding- Process of transforming to-be-remembered information into a form that can be stored in memory.
2. Storage- Process of placing information in long-term memory.
3. Rehearsal- Process that enables a person to transfer information from working to long-term memory
4. Retrieval- Process of searching through LTM for information needed for present use.

Cause of forget:

1. Trace decay
2. Proactive interference
3. Retroactive interference

Movement Characteristics Relate to Memory:

1. Location & distance characteristics
2. Meaningfulness of the movement

Steps to enhance Memory:

1. The intention to remember
2. Subjective organization
3. Increasing a movement’s meaningfulness :

• Visual metaphoric imagery
• Verbal label
• ‘ CHUNKING PROCESS ‘

Working Memory Processing of Information:

• Information processed to allow person to achieve action goal or goal of problem out hand.

1. Remember how to perform
2. Solve a specific movement problem

‘ OH NO! I FORGOT! ‘

Why We Often forget:

1. Distraction
2. Time factor
3. Focus

Ways to Easily Remember:

1. Choices
2. Interest
3. Repetition
4. Practice

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

Definition: Memory that involves the storage and recall of information over a long period of time (such as days, weeks, or years)

Functions of Long-Term Memory:

Allows people to have information about specific past events as well as general knowledge

Duration:

Unknown since we cannot satisfactorily measure duration of info in LTM

Capacity: 

Relatively unlimited

Type:

1. Procedural- Stores information about ” how to do ” specific activities, for example: motor skills
2. Semantic- Stores our general knowledge about the world based upon experiences, for example: concepts
3. Episodic- Stores our knowledge about personally experienced events. Allows us to ” travel back in time”.

Working Memory (WM)

Definition: The part of short-term memory which is concerned with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing.

Functions:

Enables people to respond according to the demands of a ” right now ” situation.

1. Critical role in decision making, problem solving, movement planning and execution
2. Interacts with long-term memory
3. Interactive workspace

Duration:

Maintains information for 20-30 seconds before losing parts of info

Capacity:

• Store- 7 items (+/-2)
• Person can increase capacity by ” Chunking “.

Type:

1. Phonological – Storage of verbal cues/info
2. Visuospatial Sketchpad – Visually detected spatial info
3. Central Executive – Coordinate info in WM include retrieve from LTM.